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| THE HOUSE OF LORDS |
| The House of Lords is the second chamber of the U.K. Houses of Parliament. Members of the House of Lords are also known as 'peers' and consist of Lords Spiritual (senior bishops) and Lords Temporal (lay peers). Law Lords (senior judges) also sit as Lords Temporal. Members of the House of Lords are not elected.In general, the functions of the House of Lords are similar to those of the House of Commons. There are two important exceptions: members of the Lords do not represent constituencies and are not involved in matters of taxation and finance. The role of the Lords is generally recognized to be complementary to that of the Commons and it acts as a revising chamber for many of the more important and controversial bills. All bills go through both Houses before becoming Acts, and may start in either House.The House of Lords is also the final court of appeal for civil cases in the United Kingdom and for criminal cases in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Only the Lords of Appeal (Law Lords) — of whom there are 12 employed full-time — take part in judicial proceedings.The Speaker ship of the House of Lords has traditionally been performed by the Lord Chancellor. The Lord Chancellor's powers as Speaker have been very limited compared with those of the Speaker of the House of CommonsFollowing the House of Lords Act 1999, there are only 92 peers. The majority of members are now life peers and the Government has been consulting on proposals for further reform of the Lords.There were 689 peers in total in 2003. Members of the House of Lords, as I said before, are not elected and, with the exception of bishops who leave the House on retirement, they retain their seats for life. |
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